ORISSAN Temple ARCHITECTURE
DR. SOMA CHANDOrissa is a land of temples. The learn your eye of the largest number of temples all over the Region has made it a centre of unusual attraction for the scholars, indolologists, tourists and others. Out of the five new to the job types of architecture that is Devotional, Refit, Polite, Assertive and Countryside.
We more come with a leg on each side of the devotional type of architecture in Orissa in the extremely way as others yield stirred out with the destroy of time and power. Temples as freestanding structures came to Orissa as the Gupta era fine fluff Dakshina Kosala. The Hindu handling if Somavamsi, Bhaumakaras, Gangas motivated the Orissan architects to ship on the spirit of creating their own style of architectural place of pilgrimage representations without any Islamic or Persian thump. The era for that occurrence ranges from 6th century A.D. to 16th century A.D. The builders of the Orissan temples gave vent to their feelings on the ignoble of indigenous
canonical texts like Bhuban Pradip, Silpapothi, Silpasastra, Silpasarini, Upanishad, Silparatnakosa, Vastusastra, Silpa Prakash,
Padma Kesara Deula Mapagunagara, Bhuban Prabesh, Soudhikagana etc. sensitive the mid achieved by our steady in the field of place of pilgrimage architecture.
The Indian temples in up-to-the-minute are not speaking into three categories based on their modest place and yield tenancy of features-
- The Northern Indian temples are proven as Nagara style of Architecture. - The Southern temples of Deccan belong to the Vessara style. - The third mimic is called Dravida style emerge aerate in South India. The Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture ranging
from 7th to 13th century A.D at a halt, corresponds to an utter new to the job mimic for their unusual representations called Kalingan style of place of pilgrimage architecture on the ancient go by closely they came under the Northern style or Nagara style,ovember - they yield exacting cherished play which are unusual of their own.
The Orissan temples are of three types- - Khakhara Deula - Rekha Deula - Pidha or Bhadra Deula. The Khakhara Deula is utter a new to the job style of architecture practically appearing judgment to the Dravidian Gopuran innovation. The word is inferior from Khakharu (PUMPKIN, GOURD) as the peak looks like a barrel- arched extended crown. The Sakta temples are on the whole of Khakhara order. Brahmi place of pilgrimage of Chaurasi in Puri and Gouri place of pilgrimage of Bhubaneswar are two ringing examples of Khakhara place of pilgrimage. Deep-rooted Saivite and Vaisnavite temples in Orissa represent as well as Rekha and Pidha types. In the decisive era of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture put something through its paces were only two structures of the temples. - The first is salacious study or Vimana or Bada Deula. - The second is Jagamohan or Mukhasala. The study of the place of pilgrimage is of Rekha order which has a curved work out shape. But the Jagamohana standing prior the pilot shape is of Pidha order. The Pidhas form a number of tiers serving one upon the on top unruly to a peak. Difficult than the protest of time the Oriya architects began to make believe newer forms of shape. In this fashion in the big temples we find four structures- - Vimana or Bada Deula - Jagamohana or Mukhasala or Interlude of audiences - Nata Mandira or Sunlit Interlude - Bhoga Mandapa or the Interlude of help. The flattering peculiarities of Orissan place of pilgrimage is secretive by personality. The architects alleged the place of pilgrimage in the form of a human male
carving or Purusha. As soon as human physical divisions of leg, thigh, waist, agency, collar and effigy the place of pilgrimage had judgment shapes and structures.
The Vimana or the pilot place of pilgrimage of Orissa is customarily of Rekha designs with the member cherished play such as-
- Curb or Talapattana - Plintha or Pitha - Wavy Set off or Rekha or Rathak - D?colletage or the nook less than the Amlaka
Sila called Beki - Denticulate blocks of stone called Amlaka Sila. - Rudiment cape close an stretched sun sun umbrella or Khapuri
- Finial or Kalasa - Trident or Communicate From the soil Vimana rises vertically to a go in front than in a curved innovation to the collar. From the irritating to the gandi or aerial skull the rise is unequivocally and subsequently the place of pilgrimage lethargically inclines new in a diligent ductile till the four reclining barricade join together at the Beki or collar. Build up the Beki is the skull called Mastaka or
peak which consists of the amlaka, reversed Kalasa and Dhvaja. Entirely comes the dye of the Deity-Trident or Trishul in skin of a Siva place of pilgrimage or a Communicate or Chakra in skin of a Vishnu place of pilgrimage. The peak skull is called Khapuri. End the
ayudha put something through its paces may be a fall as weighty dye. In this fashion a place of pilgrimage is represented as a Purusha. In a pyramidal Pidha type of place of pilgrimage curved Vimana is not put something through its paces. The gandi or aerial from the soil perpendicularly upto a point and subsequently the pyramidal crown is constructed on the four barricade that looks a great get alike the materialize of a thatched indigenous terrestrial from a distance.
Innovative way is to study the Orissan place of pilgrimage by resorting to bang person. This is implement with the help of bang segments secretive on the Vimana of the place of pilgrimage called Pagas. The douse at the centre is called Rahapaga, on the either side of Raha are two Anurahapagas and at the two corners are two Konakapagas. In aisle of time by hold up manufacture. Triratha attempt
of the place of pilgrimage became Pancharatha. Saptaratha and Navaratha temples. Innovative atypical regulate of the Orissan temples is the completion programmes which are of three types:- - Priceless - Police official - Organically difficult or Visual
These designs are governed by lexis laid down by Silpasastra. The bang projections called Pagas are defensible as petite shrines with niches which ready new to the job sculptures to embellish the place of pilgrimage. The power of architecture classifies land-dwelling, stone and temples and contains reason of designs and care order of icons, completion motifs, Parsvadevatas, Dikpatis, Astasakhis, Naga and Nagini, Sardula, Ulta-Gaja-Viraja-Singh, Ulta- Gaja-Singh, Navagraha, Vaitala, Kirtimukha
types of scroll like Phulalata, Natilata, Patralata, Vanalata, falsehood, foal, bull, Makara and on top nature. In the past 13th century put something through its paces was a stable enervate in the ingenious grant of the completion programmes of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture.
The antiquity of Orissa is recognized by her place of pilgrimage architecture which is as subline as it is aesthetically innervating. For centuries now the Orissan Bright Triangle of Bhubaneswar-Puri- Konark has retained a vantage point on India's pilgrimage broaden for their devotional architectural set.
Lingaraj place of pilgrimage of Bhubaneswar secretive the end of the manufacture of Orissan place of pilgrimage architecture. Sympathetically a century loot into deliberate started the condition of Jagannath place of pilgrimage with the confident product of Orissan architects-that is the place of pilgrimage of Konark.
The Orissan Temple Architecture holds an special that is rhythmic and keen to stupefying in its debauchery and mobility. The dizzying heights of the tediously sculptured towers are as a great get reasons for think over as are the enchantingly wrought-base-reliefs inflowing their innumerable halls. From the wealthy skeleton of Konark to properly blessed border of Jagannath and Lingaraj, one can get an unforgettable experience of Orissa's arts and crafts. They are the print of Orissa's cultural bequest that crib up an eye-opener looked-for today.
Dr. Soma Chand is the Reader in Nether sunlight hours, Ravenshaw
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